Electric forklift trucks

The benefits with electrics trucks are many, to mention a few:

• No emissions, with green electricity
• Lower long-term cost with lithium-ion battery
• No battery maintenance with li-ion battery
• Can be used both indoors and outdoors

Yes, electric counterbalanced forklifts don’t produce dangerous emissions and can be used both indoors and outdoors.

Inside warehouses or production areas, the floors are mostly even and smooth, and with non-marking tyres, you can protect your floors. This is especially important in environments, where hygiene is crucial, such as in the food or medical industry.

Absolutely, electric CB trucks can operate both indoors and outdoors. For outdoor use you need a durable, stable forklift that can operate in different conditions:

• Uneven pavement
• Dirty roads
• Wet concrete

4-wheel electric trucks with a closed cabin offer stability and protection in wet working conditions.

Damaged or uneven floors are not comfortable to drive on and can cause possible slipping of the load. Taking care of your floors, will increase productivity, driver comfort and reduce cost.

Yes, caution on ramps is needed. Loaded forklifts must be driven with the load pointed up the ramp, whilst maintaining a safe distance from the edge of the ramp to avoid tip-over.

Toyota electric forklifts are available with:

• lead-acid
• lithium-ion
• fuel cell energy 

Li-ion batteries you can charge when there’s time, like during a shift-brake. Lead-acid batteries, however, have a limited amount of charging cycles and should be charged when they’re at 20%.

Loads come in different sizes. Length and width help you define the right load carrier. The longer the load, the larger the load centre. The load dimensions may affect the lift capacity of your forklift and limitations in aisle width.

• A forkpositioner or forkspreader allows to spread the forks, to adjust to different pallets/load carrier sizes.
• Forkpositioner have impact on the load capacity and aisle width.
• The sideshift function can be integrated for even more efficient load handling and precision.

A sideshift is a common forklift attachment that allows to shift forks left or right so operators can make small fork adjustments without manoeuvring the forklift. Sideshifts have impact on the load capacity and aisle width.

Pallet overhang occurs when goods are larger than the pallet. This can cause load damage. The right size of load carrier or better goods placement on the pallet will improve the handling by forklift.

• Pallets are still the most popular load carriers for goods transport with forklifts.
• The most common wooden pallet size used in Europe is 1200 x 800 mm, allowing 4-way entry. There are also 2-way entry pallets.Not all industrial forklift truck types are compatible with all types of pallets – be sure to check pallet dimensions and load size (including overhang) before specifying your requirements on forks.
• Sizes of pallets often vary from country to country, depending on usage.

Calculation differs depending on the model; the specifications that need to be taken into account to calculate the aisle width (Ast) are:

• Turning radius (Wa): the minimum radius a forklift needs to turn in circle.
• Load dimensions: the width (b12) and length (l6) of the load define the space needed for the truck to place the load.
• Load distance (x): the horizontal distance from the centre of the front wheels to the front of the forks.
• Safety clearance (a): 200 mm for safer navigating in aisles.

The aisle width is the minimum space a forklift needs to turn into an aisle (or in between racking or other to place or retrieve a load.

A great benefit of 3-wheel forklifts is their manoeuvrability, thanks to a shorter turning radius. Comparing a Toyota 3-wheel with a 4-wheel 48 V model, the difference in turning radius is about 140mm. Going for a compact 3-wheel, will reduce the turning radius even further by about 100 mm.

Aisle width data is mentioned in the data sheet of each forklift, allowing to compare models and find the best match for your operation.

The extra 200 mm safety margin will help to ensure the operator has enough space to turn safely in the aisle.

To know maximum lift height, find out the height of the highest racking beam and add 150-200 mm to give the operator some extra manoeuvring space to place the load.

A forklift truck will state its load capacity, or nominal capacity. This is calculated as the maximum weight it can raise to a pre-determined height, when its load centre is at a certain point. The load centre is the horizontal distance from the vertical face of the forks to the centre of gravity of the load. Standard load centres vary depending on the nominal capacity of the forklift, and will be one of the following:

• 0 – 1,000 kg: 400 mm
• 1,001 – 5,000 kg: 500 mm
• 5,001 – 10,000 kg: 600 mm

A forklift truck’s load capacity or nominal capacity is calculated as the maximum weight it can raise to a pre-determined height, when its load centre is at a certain point. If the load needs to be lifted above that height, or the load centre is further away, then the capacity will be lowered. That’s what residual capacity is: the actual lifting ability in a given situation, which may be less than the nominal capacity.

Either the forklift roof height or collapsed mast height will define which is the lowest height it can go under. Pay attention, when the forks are raised with a non free-lift mast, the inner mast section will lift as soon forks go up, influencing the lowest passing point.

Forklift attachments add extra weight and extend the load distance, reducing the load capacity.

Working in dust or wet environment might affect the proper functioning of forklifts and require more frequent servicing and repair. Trucks with high level of dust- and water protection are recommended for these environments.

To run several shifts, you need a forklift for intensive use with little time to refill. Electric counterbalanced trucks are clean and productive machines for indoor and outdoor use. In combination with lithium-ion batteries, they can be recharged quickly at any time, to keep going.

For working in hazardous or explosive environments, explosion proof forklifts should be used. The truck is adapted so no components can create sparks.

Cold store operations are one of the toughest working environments. Sub-zero temperatures affect your trucks’ battery capacity, electronics and lubrication. To prevent breakdown and repair costs, dedicated cold store trucks are highly recommended. Depending on the model, the trucks are additionally fitted with components such as cold store oil, stainless steel axles...

When selecting a forklift truck, you should verify if the model is capable of operating on the gradients you have on your site. The gradeability rating can be found in the truck’s data sheet. The maximum gradeability is the maximum grade a forklift can climb for a short period. Not only the ability to climb a slope is important, but also safely descending it when loaded.